Graduate Record Examinations (GRE)

What Is the GRE?

The Graduate Record Examinations, commonly known as the GRE, is a standardized test used by thousands of graduate and business schools worldwide to assess applicants readiness for advanced study. Administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS), the GRE measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills.

Why Do Schools Require the GRE?

Graduate programs use the GRE as one piece of a holistic review process. The test provides a common metric that can compare applicants from diverse academic backgrounds, institutions, and countries. While a high score can strengthen an application, schools also consider GPA, letters of recommendation, research experience, personal statements, and fit with the program.

GRE Structure and Content

The GRE General Test consists of three main sections:

• Analytical Writing (AW) Two 30minute tasks (Issue and Argument). Scores range from 06 in halfpoint increments.
• Verbal Reasoning (VR) Two 30minute sections with 20 questions each. Types of questions include Reading Comprehension, Text Completion, and Sentence Equivalence. Scores range from 130170 in onepoint increments.
• Quantitative Reasoning (QR) Two 35minute sections with 20 questions each. Topics cover arithmetic, algebra, geometry, data analysis, and basic statistics. Scores also range from 130170.

In addition to the main sections, testtakers encounter an unscored research section that can appear in any order and an optional 10minute Experimental Section used by ETS for future test development.

Scoring Explained

Each of the three scores (Verbal, Quantitative, Analytical Writing) is reported separately. Graduate programs often publish minimum or average GRE scores for admitted students; however, many programs place more weight on relevant experience or specific subject test performance.

ComputerBased vs. PaperBased

Since 2011 the GRE is predominantly computerbased in most regions. The computer format offers a flexible testing schedule, a onscreen calculator for the QR section, and the ability to flag and review items. Paperbased testing is still available in a few locations where computer testing is not feasible.

How to Register

Prospective testtakers create an ETS account, select a test center or an athome testing slot, and pay the current fee (subject to change; check ETS.org for the latest pricing). Early registration secures preferred dates, and ETS often offers fee reduction vouchers for eligible candidates.

Preparing for the GRE

Effective preparation involves a blend of content review, strategy development, and practice testing. Below are common steps:

• Diagnostic Test Take a full practice test to identify strengths and weaknesses.
• Study Plan Allocate consistent study time (e.g., 12 hours per day) across all sections.
• Resources Official ETS materials, reputable prep books (e.g., Manhattan, Kaplan), online platforms, and mobile apps.
• Practice Questions Focus on timed drills to build stamina and accuracy.
• Review Mistakes Analyze errors to understand underlying concepts and testtaking habits.
• Simulated Tests Take fulllength practice exams under realistic conditions at least three weeks before the test date.

GRE Subject Tests (Optional)

In addition to the General Test, ETS offers Subject Tests in areas such as Biology, Chemistry, Literature in English, Mathematics, Physics, and Psychology. These 1hour 50minute exams assess knowledge in a specific discipline and are required by some programs, especially in the sciences. Scores range from 200990.

Score Validity and Reporting

General Test scores are valid for five years from the test date. Testtakers can send scores to up to four institutions for free; additional score reports incur a fee. ETS also provides a ScoreSelect option, allowing candidates to choose which test dates to send to schools.

Accommodations and Accessibility

ETS offers a range of accommodations for testtakers with disabilities, including extended time, alternative test formats, and assistive technology. Applicants must submit documentation and request accommodations at least six weeks before the test date.

What to Do After the Test

After completing the GRE, scores become available online within 1015 days (often sooner for computerbased administrations). Review your official score report, verify the accuracy of the data, and decide whether to keep the scores, retake the test, or submit them to schools.

Tips for a Successful Test Day

• Arrive at the test center at least 30 minutes early (or be ready for an athome test setup).
• Bring a valid, governmentissued photo ID.
• Bring snacks and water for the 10minute breaks.
• Dress comfortably and bring layers in case the room temperature fluctuates.
• Maintain a calm mindset deep breaths and positive selftalk help reduce anxiety.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many times can I take the GRE?

You may take the GRE once every 21 days, up to five times within any continuous rolling 12month period, and no more than 12 times total.

Is the GRE required for all graduate programs?

No. While many programs in the United States and Canada require it, an increasing number of schools have moved to testoptional or testflexible policies, especially after the COVID19 pandemic. Always check each programs admissions guidelines.

Can I cancel or reschedule my test?

Yes, you can cancel up to 24 hours before the test date for a full refund of the test fee (no other fees are refunded). Rescheduling is also possible up to 24 hours before the appointment, subject to availability.

What is the Analytical Writing score based on?

Two independent raters (a trained human rater and an automated erater) evaluate each essay. The final AW score is the average of the two scores, rounded to the nearest halfpoint.

Conclusion

The GRE remains a pivotal component of most graduate admissions processes. Understanding its format, scoring, and preparation strategies can significantly improve your performance and confidence. By setting realistic goals, creating a structured study plan, and taking advantage of official resources, you can maximize your score and present a strong application to your desired programs.