Upper Secondary Language and Literature Syllabus Papua New Guinea

The Upper Secondary Language and Literature (L&L) syllabus in Papua New Guinea (PNG) provides a framework for teaching and learning English language skills and literary appreciation during Years 11 and 12. It is designed to equip students with the competencies required for further education, the workplace, and active citizenship.

1. Vision and Aims

The syllabus aims to:

• Develop confident, critical users of the English language.
• Foster an appreciation of a broad range of literary forms, both local and international.
• Encourage analytical thinking, creativity, and effective communication.
• Prepare learners for the National Senior Secondary Examination (NSS) and for lifelong learning.

2. Structure of the Syllabus

The syllabus is divided into two main strands:

2.1 Language

Focuses on the development of four language skills:

• Reading comprehension of a variety of texts, including academic, informational, and literary works.
• Writing production of coherent, purposedriven texts such as essays, reports, creative pieces, and oral presentations.
• Speaking oral communication in formal and informal contexts, including debates, speeches, and group discussions.
• Listening understanding spoken English through lectures, multimedia, and reallife conversations.

2.2 Literature

Offers exposure to a curated selection of literary works, classified into four categories:

• Poetry from PNG oral traditions to contemporary world poets.
• Drama classic plays, modern scripts, and local performances.
• Fiction novels, short stories, and excerpts representing diverse cultures.
• Nonfiction autobiographies, essays, and travel writings that give insight into social, historical, and environmental themes.

3. Core Content Areas

Each strand is broken down into specific content areas that guide teaching and assessment.

3.1 Language Content

1. Grammar and Vocabulary advanced structures, idiomatic expressions, and academic lexis.
2. Textual Analysis identifying purpose, tone, audience, and rhetorical strategies.
3. Writing Processes planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing.
4. Presentation Skills voice control, body language, and visual aids.
5. Critical Listening notetaking, summarising, and evaluating spoken material.

3.2 Literature Content

1. Literary Terminology plot, character, theme, symbolism, and genre conventions.
2. Contextual Understanding historical, cultural, and biographical influences on texts.
3. Comparative Study analysing similarities and differences across works, cultures, and time periods.
4. Creative Response writing original poetry, drama, or fiction inspired by studied texts.
5. Interpretive Discussion leading and participating in seminars and debates.

4. Learning Outcomes

By the end of Year 12, students should be able to:

• Demonstrate mastery of complex grammatical structures and a rich academic vocabulary.
• Analyse and critique a range of textual forms with confidence.
• Produce coherent, wellstructured written work for academic and professional purposes.
• Present ideas clearly and persuasively in spoken form.
• Interpret literary works and articulate their cultural and thematic significance.
• Show appreciation for both PNG literary heritage and global literary traditions.

5. Assessment Methods

Assessment is continuous and includes both formative and summative tasks:

• Written Assignments essays, research reports, creative pieces.
• Oral Presentations individual speeches, group debates, dramatised scenes.
• Examinations timed papers covering reading comprehension, grammar, and literature analysis.
• Portfolios collections of drafts, revisions, and reflective commentary.
• Peer and SelfAssessment developing critical feedback skills.

6. Resources and Materials

Schools are encouraged to use a blend of textbooks, digital platforms, and locally produced texts. Recommended resources include:

• PNG Ministry of Education Upper Secondary English Language and Literature Textbook.
• Online databases such as JSTOR and Taylor & Francis Online for scholarly articles.
• Local authors: Winston L. Saich, Teresa L. Lulua for indigenous perspectives.
• Multimedia podcasts, YouTube lectures, and video adaptations of plays.

7. Implementation Guidelines for Teachers

1. Curriculum Mapping align weekly lesson plans with the syllabus outcomes.
2. Differentiated Instruction provide scaffolding for learners with diverse language backgrounds.
3. Integrative Projects combine language and literature tasks, e.g., research essays on a novels social context.
4. Formative Feedback use rubrics that reflect the four language skills and literary analysis criteria.
5. Professional Development attend Ministryrun workshops on assessment design and ICT integration.

8. How the Syllabus Supports PNGs National Goals

The syllabus aligns with the PNG Vision 2050 priorities by:

• Promoting literacy and communication skills essential for economic development.
• Preserving and celebrating PNGs cultural heritage through the study of local literature.
• Encouraging critical thinking and problemsolving abilities for a knowledgebased economy.
• Providing equitable access to quality education for students in both urban and rural settings.

9. Frequently Asked Questions

Is the syllabus the same for all schools?

The core content and outcomes are national, but schools may adapt teaching materials to reflect local languages and contexts.

How many hours per week should be allocated to Language and Literature?

The Ministry recommends a minimum of 6 hours per week for each strand, with flexibility for projectbased learning.

Can students choose additional texts?

Yes. Teachers are encouraged to supplement the prescribed list with contemporary works that resonate with students experiences.

What support is available for teachers?

Professional development workshops, online teaching guides, and a peernetwork platform hosted by the PNG Education Department.

10. Conclusion

The Upper Secondary Language and Literature syllabus offers a comprehensive, balanced approach to developing both linguistic competence and literary insight. By integrating rigorous language practice with rich literary exploration, the programme prepares PNGs youth for academic success, meaningful employment, and active participation in a rapidly changing world.

For further information, visit the Papua New Guinea Department of Education website or contact your local school administration.