Monthly Syllabus for Class XII (2020-2021)
Introduction
The academic year 2020-2021 was a challenging one for Class XII students across India, with COVID-19 necessitating significant modifications to the syllabus and examination pattern. This document outlines the monthly syllabus breakdown for the academic year 2020-2021, helping students plan their studies effectively despite the unprecedented circumstances.
Mathematics
April 2020
Relations and Functions: Types of relations, one to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function.
May 2020
Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Domain, range, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.
June 2020
Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operations on matrices.
July 2020
Determinants: Determinant of a square matrix, properties of determinants, minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle.
August 2020
Continuity and Differentiability: Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions.
September 2020
Application of Derivatives: Rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normals, use of derivatives in approximation.
October 2020
Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts.
November 2020
Application of Integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/parabolas/ellipses.
December 2020
Differential Equations: General and particular solutions of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, methods of solving first order, first degree differential equations.
January 2021
Vector Algebra: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector, direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector, types of vectors.
Physics
April 2020
Electric Charges and Fields: Electric charges, Coulomb's law, force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges, electric field and field lines.
May 2020
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance: Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy.
June 2020
Current Electricity: Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics, Kirchhoff's laws, Wheatstone bridge.
July 2020
Moving Charges and Magnetism: Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's circuital law, force on a moving charge.
August 2020
Magnetism and Matter: Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements, magnetic field lines, magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole.
September 2020
Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's laws, induced emf and current, Lenz's law, Eddy currents, self and mutual inductance.
October 2020
Alternating Current: Peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage, reactance and impedance, LC oscillations, LCR series circuit, resonance, power in AC circuits.
November 2020
Electromagnetic Waves: Displacement current, electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
December 2020
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection, optical fibers.
January 2021
Wave Optics: Wave front and Huygens' principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface, Young's double slit experiment.
Chemistry
April 2020
The Solid State: Classification of solids based on different binding forces, unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell.
May 2020
Solutions: Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties.
June 2020
Electrochemistry: Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration.
July 2020
Chemical Kinetics: Rate of a reaction, factors affecting rate of reaction, order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant.
August 2020
Surface Chemistry: Adsorption, physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption, catalysis, colloids, emulsions.
September 2020
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements: Principles and methods of extraction, concentration, oxidation, reduction, refining.
October 2020
The p-Block Elements: Group 15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties.
November 2020
The d and f Block Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, interstitial compounds, alloy formation.
December 2020
Coordination Compounds: Coordination compounds, nomenclature, isomerism, bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, CFT.
January 2021
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, optical rotation.
Biology
April 2020
Reproduction in Organisms: Asexual and sexual reproduction, modes of reproduction, pre-fertilization events: gametogenesis.
May 2020
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Flower, pre-fertilization: structure and events, pollination, types, outbreeding devices, pollen-pistil interaction.
June 2020
Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems, microscopic anatomy, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, embryonic development.
July 2020
Reproductive Health: Reproductive health problems and strategies, birth control methods, infertility, assisted reproductive technologies, sexually transmitted diseases.
August 2020
Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendel's laws, inheritance of one gene, inheritance of two genes, chromosomal theory of inheritance, linkage and recombination.
September 2020
Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Structure of DNA, packaging of DNA, the search for genetic material, RNA world, transcription, genetic code, translation.
October 2020
Evolution: Origin of life, evolution of life forms, theories of evolution, Hardy-Weinberg principle, evidences for evolution.
November 2020
Human Health and Disease: Common diseases in humans, immunity, AIDS, cancer, drugs and alcohol abuse.
December 2020
Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production: Animal husbandry, plant breeding, single cell proteins, tissue culture.
January 2021
Microbes in Human Welfare: Microbes in household products, microbes in industrial products, microbes in sewage treatment, microbes in production of biogas.
Examination Pattern and Important Dates
For the academic year 2020-2021, CBSE reduced the syllabus by 30% due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The examinations were conducted in two terms, with the first term covering approximately 50% of the syllabus.
Key Examination Features:
- Increased internal choice in examinations
- Objective-type questions with reasoning
- Case-based questions with internal choice
- MCQ-based assessment for Term 1
- Subjective questions for Term 2
Important Dates:
- Term 1 Examinations: November-December 2021
- Practical Examinations: January 2022
- Term 2 Examinations: March-April 2022
Study Tips for Class XII (2020-2021)
To succeed in your Class XII examinations during this challenging academic year:
- Create a realistic study schedule: Allocate specific time for each subject based on your strengths and the syllabus completion status.
- Focus on understanding concepts: Deep understanding of fundamental concepts will help you solve a variety of questions.
- Practice previous year questions: Familiarize yourself with the question paper patterns and important topics.
- Take regular breaks: Short breaks help maintain focus and prevent burnout during long study sessions.
- Solve sample papers: Time yourself while solving sample papers to improve time management skills.
- Use online resources wisely: Leverage digital platforms for concept clarity and practice questions.
- Stay connected with teachers: Regular interaction with teachers helps clarify doubts and maintain academic discipline.
- Maintain healthy habits: Proper sleep, nutrition, and exercise are essential for optimal brain function.
Conclusion
The Class XII academic year 2020-2021 presented unique challenges with the COVID-19 pandemic necessitating significant changes in the educational approach. This monthly syllabus breakdown serves as a roadmap for students to navigate their studies effectively. Despite the reduced syllabus, maintaining consistency, focusing on core concepts, and regular revision remain key to success in the board examinations.
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